Our study into digital holographic microscopy (DHM) and lensless digital holographic microscopy (LDHM) as tools for assessing water quality through plankton analysis marks a significant step towards innovative environmental monitoring methods. Plankton analysis stands out as a key indicator of water health, revealing that rapid and accurate detection of water quality changes is achievable. This approach significantly outperforms traditional methods, which are slower and may not keep pace with the swift changes in water bodies caused by pollution. The benefits of utilizing DHM and LDHM are manifold. These technologies enable quick observation and analysis of plankton, dramatically reducing the time needed to evaluate water quality. Through capturing high-detail plankton images and applying sophisticated image analysis algorithms like the G-S iteration and level-set based cell image segmentation, we manage to precisely measure and identify plankton species and quantities. Testing with the USAF1951 resolution board confirmed our system’s capability to distinguish features as small as 2.46μm, proving its high resolution and accuracy. Moreover, these optical techniques streamline the necessary equipment for plankton observation, making the process both more accessible and cost-effective. This opens up water quality monitoring to a broader audience, allowing more communities and researchers to perform their own assessments and make well-informed decisions on water management and conservation.
Looking ahead, there’s potential to build upon our findings. Future research might delve into incorporating artificial intelligence and machine learning to automate plankton identification and counting, which could further expedite and refine analysis accuracy. Expanding the plankton image database to include various conditions could enhance system sensitivity to different pollution types. Additionally, improving the portability and field-readiness of the equipment could extend its usability across varied environmental settings.
In closing, our investigation presents a solid proof of concept for applying advanced optical methods in water quality monitoring through plankton analysis. Advancing this groundwork, future endeavors can augment the efficiency, reach, and impact of water quality monitoring efforts, contributing significantly to the worldwide initiative to safeguard our essential water resources.